Enfermagem De Reabilitação Na Autogestão Da Pessoa Idosa Com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica
Uma Revisão Rápida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33194/rper.2024.36446Palavras-chave:
Enfermagem em Reabilitação, DPOC, Idosos, Autogestão, Qualidade de VidaResumo
Introdução: A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica (DPOC) é uma das principais causas de mortalidade a nível mundial, com um impacto significativo na qualidade de vida. A autogestão é crucial para controlar a doença, reduzir exacerbações e diminuir internamentos hospitalares. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar os ganhos sensíveis aos cuidados de Enfermagem de Reabilitação na capacitação para a autogestão de idosos com DPOC.
Metodologia: Foi realizada uma Revisão Rápida de Literatura (RRL), incluindo quatro ensaios clínicos randomizados (RCTs) e dois estudos quase-experimentais, obtidos na EBSCOhost entre 2018 e 2023.
Resultados: Este estudo analisou intervenções de autogestão em 505 idosos com DPOC (idade média de 70,6 anos, 66,9% homens). A maioria dos estudos apresentou baixo risco de viés. As intervenções, incluindo reabilitação física e cognitiva, programas educacionais e baseados em tecnologia, resultaram em melhorias na qualidade de vida, bem-estar, funcionalidade, autogestão, autoeficácia e autocuidado, com ganhos sustentados em conhecimento e ativação do paciente. Além disso, foram observadas melhorias significativas em sintomas físicos, como dispneia, e emocionais, como ansiedade.
Conclusão: A nossa revisão destaca o papel central da Enfermagem de Reabilitação na capacitação de idosos para uma autogestão eficaz da DPOC. A implementação destas intervenções melhora a gestão da doença, a autonomia e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Estas intervenções mostram grande potencial para reduzir custos associados a exacerbações e hospitalizações, promovendo uma abordagem centrada no idoso, integrada, holística e personalizada, essencial para a sustentabilidade económica e melhores resultados de saúde.
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