Interventions in post-extubation dysphagia: a scoping review: a scoping review

Paulo Azevedo; Margarida Oliveira; Manuel Saraiva; Joana Vila Pouca; Isabel Oliveira

doi:10.33194/rper.2026.41655

Autores

Paulo Azevedo Escola Superior de Saúde Norte da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-3329
Margarida Oliveira ULS de Santo António, https://ror.org/02m9pj861, Porto, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-8776
Manuel Saraiva ULS de Santo António, https://ror.org/02m9pj861, Porto, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5334-8153
Joana Vila Pouca ULS de Gaia e Espinho, https://ror.org/042jpy919, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6642-9369
Isabel Oliveira Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, https://ror.org/03c3y8w73, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6627-3907

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33194/rper.2026.41655

Palavras-chave:

Enfermagem, Cuidados Críticos, Transtornos de Deglutição, Ventilação Mecânica, Extubação Traqueal

Resumo

Introdução: A disfagia pós-extubação (DPE) impacta negativamente na recuperação dos doentes críticos. No entanto, há pouca evidência sobre as intervenções para recuperar a função da deglutição, pelo que é essencial mapear as intervenções para abordagem da DPE relevantes para apoiar os cuidados de enfermagem.

Metodologia: Scoping review seguindo a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute. Em outubro de 2023, foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados MEDLINE (Via PubMed), Cochrane, Scielo, ScienceDirect e a CINAHL. Realizada pesquisa adicional para literatura cinzenta. A extração de dados foi guiada pelos critérios: doentes adultos em cuidados intensivos, extubados após ventilação mecânica invasiva por mais de 48 horas (população), DPE (conceito) e unidades de cuidados intensivos (contexto).

Resultados: Identificados 1892 artigos, aos quais se juntaram 59 encontrados na literatura cinzenta. Incluídos 14 artigos para análise. Exercícios de fortalecimento muscular e ajustes posturais são as estratégias de reabilitação e compensatórias mais referidas.

Discussão: A DPE tem vindo a tornar-se foco de atenção devido à elevada incidência e prevalência. Da análise realizada, não foi possível determinar quando as intervenções devem ser iniciadas após a extubação, que dose, frequência e duração devem ser usadas, ou que acompanhamento é necessário para estes doentes.

Conclusão: Esta revisão identificou as intervenções compensatórias e de reabilitação para a DPE em doentes internados em cuidados intensivos. A evidência continua a ser insuficiente para definir o momento ideal, a dose, a frequência, a duração ou o acompanhamento, o que reforça a necessidade de protocolos estruturados e de estudos de intervenção.

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