Procesos de transición en la eliminación vesical tras una Lesión Medular: un estudio cualitativo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33194/rper.2026.47700Palabras clave:
Lesiones de la médula espinal, Enfermedades del tracto urinario, Enfermería, Rehabilitación, HospitalesResumen
Introducción: Los cambios en la función vesical tras una lesión medular (LM) suelen vivirse como experiencias de transición críticas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender las vivencias asociadas a la transición en los procesos de eliminación vesical en la persona con LM en fase aguda.
Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con trece personas con LM. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Las categorías se definieron a la luz de la Teoría de las Transiciones de Meleis. Los datos se analizaron según la metodología de Bardin, con el apoyo del software ATLAS.ti. El estudio siguió las directrices COREQ.
Resultados: Se identificaron las siguientes categorías: Naturaleza de las Transiciones, Propiedades de las Experiencias de Transición, Condiciones de la Transición, Indicadores de Proceso y de Resultado, y Terapéuticas de Enfermería. La transición salud-enfermedad estuvo influida por el significado, la volición, las creencias, el conocimiento, la familia y los recursos comunitarios. Se identificaron indicadores de afrontamiento, sentirse conectado, dominio y identidades integradoras fluidas. La Terapéutica de Enfermería contribuyó al desarrollo de indicadores positivos a lo largo del proceso de transición.
Discusión: La intervención del enfermero especialista en rehabilitación contribuyó a la capacitación de las personas con LM para la gestión vesical, mediante la educación, el entrenamiento y la motivación.
Conclusión: La Teoría de las Transiciones de Meleis resultó ser un marco de referencia útil para comprender la transición asociada a la gestión vesical en personas con LM.
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